Effects Of Low Frequency Noise On Sleep Waye K P
Dominant directionality could be related to the underlying connectivity profile that serves the intra- and intercortical information transfer . The computational implication of horizontal connections could point to a preset preferred path for information processing within a given functional domain of the neocortex (60⇓–62). That such a directional path is “functionally” preserved in sleep could be further evidence that corticothalamic UP states replay fragments of wakefulness . The fast oscillations dynamics that we found here are consistent with such reactivation. Oscillatory rhythms could coexist, manifest state-dependent variability, and act as cell assembly organizers . These not mutually exclusive roles of oscillations relate rhythms to the general notion of plasticity and memory consolidation during sleep (9, 39⇓–41).
MRI showed a region of encephalomalacia in the left temporooccipital region. The NeuroPort microelectrode array was placed in the middle temporal gyrus. The distance to the nearest electrocorticogram electrode where seizure onsets were detected was ∼2 cm. At the conclusion of the study, the patient underwent resection of the left anterior temporal lobe. Pathology showed hippocampal sclerosis with secondary cortical gliosis but not in the region around the microelectrode array. The patient remained seizure-free for 1 y after the resection, but seizures returned after this period.
The parameters mainly studied included sleep latency, sleep latency for individual sleep stages of NREM and REM sleep. Being a daytime nap study, the sleep architecture did not follow the classical pattern, usually observed during night-time, and many subjects could not achieve N3 or N4 stage. Besides sleep latency, total sleep dime , its ratio with various sleep stages and power of alpha waves during N2 stage have been studied in both groups. On assessing the distribution of symptom frequencies at the first visit to our sleep clinic, we noted a skewed distribution. Many patients reported rare occurrences of symptoms, and the numbers of patients decreased as the RBD symptom frequency increased (Fig.1).
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The slower and lower frequency brainwaves are, the deeper your state of relaxation—or sleep. In what follows, we first examine how excitatory and inhibitory units correlate with γ- and β-oscillations. Next, we analyze their spatial coherence and spatiotemporal organization, comparing wake and sleep states.
If sleep apnea is considered, you may be referred to a sleep specialist or pulmonologist. If prostate enlargement is the cause, medications or surgery may be needed. If you have nocturnal urinary frequency, you may urinate in small amounts or urinate more frequently. This is usually due to an inability of the bladder to fully empty or the inability of the bladder to fill completely before developing the urge to urinate .
More details are provided in the supporting information of Peyrache et al. and Dehghani et al. . Patient 1 was a 52-y-old, right-handed woman at the time of a continuous 8-d phase II video-invasive EEG monitoring study. The patient had a history of complex partial seizures with occasional secondary generalization, beginning at the age of 4 y, and she typically suffered from 10–15 events per day. Her seizures usually presented with sudden speech arrest associated with confusion and repetition of activities.
The cumulative distribution function of APF in the peak-frequency curve was computed from median spectrograms together with 95% confidence intervals via Kaplan–Meier estimates. Statistical difference of cumulative distribution functions between Nature Relaxation Q1 and Q4 was computed using a two-sided Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. The model was adjusted for sex, age, body mass index, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , hypertension, depression, smoking status and subjective sleepiness assessed with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale . Sleep stage distributions and parameters describing OSA severity were investigated by inputting them to regression models separately.